Alexander Fleming's Discovery . Alexander Fleming - Vikipedio Enter a grandparent's name. Judith Jefferson was a sister of Peter Jefferson, the father of Thomas Jefferson, the President. Flemings study of lysozyme, which he considered his best work as a scientist, was a significant contribution to the understanding of how the body fights infection. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], Born In the 1930s, Flemings trials occasionally showed more promise, and he continued, until 1940, to try to interest a chemist skilled enough to further refine usable penicillin. When Robert Alexander Fleming was born on 12 May 1777, in North Carolina, United States, his father, William James Fleming, was 27 and his mother, Margaret A. McMurry, was 32. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. He was married first to Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, Ireland, in 1915, and they had one son, Robert Fleming, who is a general medical practitioner. (PDF) Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered For the last decade of his life, Fleming was feted universally for his discovery of penicillin and acted as a world ambassador for medicine and science. Robert Fleming | Ireland Reaching Out 2: Father of Robert Fleming (b. John Fleming (zoolog) - Wikipedia 2 He was the son of Major Philip Fleming and Joan Cecil Hunloke. Fleming served throughout World War I as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and was Mentioned in Dispatches. Lieutenant Robert Fleming served with 5th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army during the American Revolution. discoveries. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, though he did not realize the full significance of his discovery for at least another decade. Many clinical tests were inconclusive, probably because it had been used as a surface antiseptic. Georgia Militia District 703, Harris, Georgia, USA. He matched to another recruited descendant (through a different son) of Robert Alexander Fleming 1785 NC 42/43, Norwood Fleming. Fleming was modest about his part in the development of penicillin, describing his fame as the "Fleming Myth" and he praised Florey and Chain for transforming the laboratory curiosity into a practical drug. Thence they went up the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, to Big Island, near the mouth of Bald Eagle creek, the region being then called 'The New Purchase.'. Fleming George 1840-1883 Mary 1810-1892 George 1837-1857 Emeline M. 1840-1889 (per cemetery transcript) . From this place they took a ship for America, losing their first-born at sea, and landed at Philadelphia about the year 1746. James Fleming's first wife was Martha, eldest daughter of John Knox, the Scottish reformer; Robert was the issue of a second marriage with Jean Livingston, a relative of John Livingstone. Robert is 18 degrees from Jennifer Aniston, 20 degrees from Drew Barrymore, 20 degrees from Candice Bergen, 21 degrees from Alexandre Dumas, 18 degrees from Carrie Fisher, 31 degrees from Whitney Houston, 20 degrees from Hayley Mills, 18 degrees from Liza Minnelli, 19 degrees from Lisa Presley, 20 degrees from Kiefer Sutherland, 16 degrees from Bill Veeck and 21 degrees from Brian Nash on our single family tree. We have set your language to Child: @P5@. cemeteries found in Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Life. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. William Henry Fleming (d.1771), name, date of birth, date of death, marriage, children, genealogy, naval service, ships owned, actions, battles and other major events, honours, awards and appointments . [14][15][16][17], Died From this point they were drivenby [sic] the Indians, about 1778, their harvests burnt in the field and some of their cattle taken. Try again later. Alexander Fleming - Historic UK Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness is the son of Robert Fleming, 2nd of Moness and Isobel Bruce. There is a problem with your email/password. Churchill was saved by Lord Moran, using sulphonamides, since he had no experience with penicillin, when Churchill fell ill in Carthage in Tunisia in 1943. Fleming's impression was that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be important in treating infection. Died. Have you taken a DNA test? Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist at St. Mary's Hospital, had returned from a vacation when, while talking to a colleague, he noticed a zone around an invading fungus on an agar plate in which the bacteria did not grow. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Robert Alexander Fleming, (a minor) is found in the 1805 Columbia, GA property tax list having his property taxes paid by his guardian, James Fleming 1760-1840 MD, on land owned by John Fleming 1776-1840 NC, Sweetwater Creek 1000 acres. On September 3, 1928, shortly after his appointment as professor of bacteriology, Fleming noticed that a culture plate of Staphylococcus aureus he had been working on had become contaminated by a fungus. Home; News; Podcasts; Forum; Draft Tracker; SI.com; Home; News; Podcasts; Forum; Draft Tracker; SI.com Robert Fleming (abt.1610-1666) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree Robert Alexander Fleming, (a minor) is found in the 1805 Columbia, . March 2, 2023. Project note: Fleming was a Freemason and a member of London Scottish Rifles Lodge No. "The circumstances narrated, together with other facts and traditions we have obtained, render it quite evident that our paternal ancestral line, originated with some one of the names given in this sketch, who were contemporaneous with Robert Bruce and his descendants, and who remained in western Scotland. According to the biography, Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming, in a letter to his friend and colleague Andre Gratia, described this as "A wondrous fable." Robert Alexander Fleming 1785-1867 NC functioned in every way as a member of the Fleming family according to historical records. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Wife @P14@. Alexander Fleming - Wikipedia On 4 January 1441, he entered a protest, against the illegal and unwarrantable sentence of execution and forfeiture passed on his father. If so, login to add it. Family. This may be a resignation of a grant by a previous husband and provide a date of marriage but this is uncertain. By the middle of the century, Fleming's discovery had spawned a huge pharmaceutical industry, churning out synthetic penicillins that would conquer some of mankind's most ancient scourges, including syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis. Had an older half brother, Tom Fleming, from his father's first marriage. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. The father entering, it was told him what had passed. Had an older half brother, Tom Fleming, from his father's first marriage. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. That was the first of his major discoveries. Robert Fleming (c.1724 - 1790) - Genealogy - geni family tree Alexander Fleming | Biography, Education, Discovery and Facts Scottishbacteriologist Alexander Fleming isbest known for his discovery ofpenicillin in 1928, which started theantibioticrevolution. He married Elizabeth Mercer, daughter of Laurence Mercer of Aldie and Jean (?). Clan Fleming - Wikipedia This is a carousel with slides. Fleming married Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas, a Greek coworker at St. Mary's, on April 9, 1953, following the death of his first wife in 1949. Leave a message for others who see this profile. Aug 6 1881 - Lochfield Farm, Loudoun Parish, Ayrshire, Scotland. Articles | The Montreal Review He began his elementary schooling at Loudoun Moor and then moved on to a larger school at Darvel before enrolling in Kilmarnock Academy in 1894. Alexander Fleming (aft. 1580 - aft. 1616) - WikiTree Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [26][27][28][29], Ancestry records for Robert Alexander Fleming. yDNA genetic studies show that descendants of James and John are a 100% match to each other and matches to a group of Fleming families of MD/DE who came to America in the 1600-1700s. It was certainly before 1454 as he appears as Master of the King's We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Marriage He was married first to Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, Ireland, in 1915, and they had one son, Robert Fleming, who is a general medical practitioner. Robert was the son of Maj. James Fleming (1744-1812) and Margaret McMurray (abt 1745-abt 1795). Child: @P8@. There the most of their childdren were born. Robert M. Fleming, MBNA executive who once worked at Pan Am and sassily If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. F > Fleming > Robert Alexander Fleming, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. There were three ranks-a . Robert is 20 degrees from Jennifer Aniston, 21 degrees from Drew Barrymore, 19 degrees from Candice Bergen, 21 degrees from Alexandre Dumas, 19 degrees from Carrie Fisher, 32 degrees from Whitney Houston, 19 degrees from Hayley Mills, 20 degrees from Liza Minnelli, 20 degrees from Lisa Presley, 21 degrees from Kiefer Sutherland, 18 degrees from Bill Veeck and 23 degrees from Brian Nash on our single family tree. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. Cattle rustling appears to have been a hobby. Robert H. Fleming (1793-1860) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree On returning, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci that had immediately surrounded it had been destroyed, whereas other colonies further away were normal. Omissions? It was through the divorce that Caroline acquired her wealth. Sir Alexander Fleming Biographical . "Thursa Farrar Fleming was the daughter of Thomas Farrar and Elizabeth Howard of Virginia. Thomas Jefferson, Jr. was the son of Thomas Jefferson and Jane Jackson who cam from Scotland. It is worth noting however that his grandson was not passed title until 1500, suggested his passing may have been closer to that date. discoveries. It is supposed, in this Profile, that Robert lived between 1410 and 1491. The Discovery of PenicillinNew Insights After More Than 75 Years of http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=118619427&pid=1, Ancestry records for Robert Alexander Fleming, http://www.flemingmultimedia.com/Genealogy/flemingdesc.html, http://www.flemingmultimedia.com/Genealogy/FlemingNotes.html. Marriage The Lords then sat in Parliament while the "minor" Barons were no longer forced to attend, thus alleviating the costs from many that could not longer afford the obligations. Williams District, Warren County, NC. On the 28th September 1895 Louis Pasteur died. 1820 We must conclude that Robert Alexander Fleming was adopted into the Fleming family. Different explanations have been given of this affair: one account is, that they were not willing to be married by a Prelate, and went to Ireland to have the marriage solemnized by a Presbyterian clergyman. There is some controversy with dates for element of these families. Alexander Fleming | Science History Institute Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Weve updated the security on the site. Robert Fleming (abt.1410-1491) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree William Hunter[14] suggests he had two sons and two daughters but instead of Mariot mentions Beatrix. 3: Son of Hugh Fleming and Grace Morton. Robert married Thursa Farrar on 19 Dec 1799 in Mecklenburg co, Virginia. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. FLEMING, ROBERT, the younger (1660?-1716), presbyterian minister, son of Robert Fleming the elder [q. v.], was born at Cambuslang, Lanarkshire, about 1660. He died after 14 May 1666. Alexander Fleming. Robert Fleming, 2nd of Moness 1. [19] After the team had developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945. Aprs Roald Dahl, le lissage des livres de Ian Fleming sur James Bond His wife, Janet Douglas, third daughter of James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas, was likely born around 1430 and thus the marriage probably occurred near 1450. Summerville, Richmond County, Georgia, USA. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? When Robert Fleming was born on 29 July 1705, in Campbeltown, Argyll, Scotland, his father, Duncan John Fleming, was 24 and his mother, Janet Rowan, was 11702. Some of the number fell a sacrifice at their country's altar. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Fleming online - RootsWeb [21] Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. She died in 1986 [ Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas ]. First black Bond girl Gloria Hendry seen 50 years after romp with Roger It was the relationship between Sir Malcolm Fleming and the Albany Stewarts and then the Earl of Douglas that had him attainted and then executed with his lands forfeit. Robert Alexander Fleming (1851-1903) - Find a Grave Memorial Hamilton, Harris, Georgia, USA. Personal Quotes (1) Seven children in all, Including Jane Fleming . Robert Fleming, 4th of Moness was the son of Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness and Egidia Blair. William Hunter provides[7] that it related to an attempt to seize the King while he was at the Exchequer Court at Linlithgow. Robert Fleming Obituary - St. Louis, MO - Dignity Memorial After working as a London shipping clerk, Fleming began his medical studies at St. Marys Hospital Medical School in 1901, funded by a scholarship and a legacy from his uncle. Balfour Paul notes four children; Malcolm, Robert, Elizabeth and Mariot.[10]. Family Tree of Sir Alexander Fleming | Dr. Myron Evans Connect to 5,000+ Fleming profiles on Geni, Alexander Fleming, Sarah Marion Fleming (born Mcelroy), Alexander Fleming, Sarah Marion Fleming (born McElroy), Alexander flemeing, flemeing (born Fleming), Sir Alexander Fleming, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1945. Child of Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness and Egidia Blair, Children of Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness and Elizabeth Mercer. There were many more people involved in the Oxford team, and at one point the entire Dunn School was involved in its production. Captain Alexander Fleming was the 2nd son of John Fleming, 7th Lord Fleming. 2 She was the daughter of John Lindsay. Beloved father, grandfather, uncle, cousin and friend to many. Alexander Fleming - Wikipedia They have two children: Alexander and Josephine. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. The name of the researcher who drew-up this chart is not known but it seems reasonable to give the author credit for this work by highlighting Sir Alec's relationship with Margaret Strang Craig Gilmour, Mrs. James Coats Reid of Wester Kittochside. 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Around 1450 James II started the Parliamentary reformation and created the division in the Baronial status between "minor" Barons and their "Peers". ", [A Record of the Family and Descendants of ROBERT FLEMING; [Who died at Hanover, Washington Co., Pa., 1802,] with a Historical Sketch of the Name, by Rev. HERMES PARIS Made Fleming observed that many soldiers died during World War I from sepsis that affected infected wounds. Clan Douglas. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Genealogy profile for Robert Fleming Robert Fleming (c.1724 - 1790) - Genealogy Genealogy for Robert Fleming (c.1724 - 1790) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Failed to remove flower. DIES; DISCOVERER OF PENICILLIN By EDDY GILMORE LONDON UT Slr, Lochfield Farm, Loudon, Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, cremated, ashes interred in St Paul's Cathedral, London, Greater London, UK, Prominent Scientists: (ii) Life Sciences & Medical Sciences, Prominent Scientists: (i) Exact Sciences & Natural Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, The Times News (Idaho Newspaper) , March 18, 1955, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_FlemingWikipedia, Biographical index of former fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783-2002. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Father of Robert Fleming Balfour Paul notes that in 1480, he received a remission, under the Great Seal by King James III, for depredations committed upon the Lord Hamilton and other crimes therein mentioned, 12 July. Alexander FLEMING, ekde 1944: Sir Alexander FLEMING) (naskiis la 6an de agusto 1881, mortis la 11an de marto 1955) estis brita bakteriologo.. Fleming naskiis en en Lochfild Darvel, Skotlando.En la jaro 1922 li el homaj larmoj kaj muko gajnis la lizozimon, t.e. Make sure that the file is a photo. It must be presumed he was born about 1460. Son-in-Law. Robert Fleming was the only surviving son of Sir Malcolm Fleming, of Cumbernauld and Biggar, executed in 1440, and his wife, Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of Robert, Duke of Albany. 1932, d. 26 June 2020. However, there was no match for any known Fleming line. Enter a grandparent's name. [8] Both major sources provide this year although a number of other resources, generally sourced or sourcing each other, suggest 1494; WikiTree will use 1491. an Irish nurse. Drag images here or select from your computer for Robert Alexander Fleming memorial. 1840 Robert Alexander Fleming (1777 - 1857) - Genealogy - geni family tree William Henry Fleming (d.1771) - threedecks.org Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Robert Fleming (112377670)? Children. Alexander Fleming - Penicillin, Quotes & Facts - Biography [ S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head . They sojourned, however, in the county of Down, (pronounced county O'Down) of which Belfast is the Capital, about one year. He was elected Professor of Bacteriology in 1928. He investigated its positive anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. wikipedia.en/Williamina_Fleming.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en Thomas Farrar was the son of George Farrar and Judith. Just one grandparent can lead you to many Robert Fleming of York Co,SC a - Genealogy.com Fleming finally abandoned penicillin, and not long after Florey and Chain Ernst Chain worked out how to isolate and concentrate penicillin. Fleming was recognized for that achievement in 1945, when he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Australian pathologist Howard Walter Florey and German-born British biochemist Ernst Boris Chain, both of whom isolated and purified penicillin. Some however, have been mechanics, and some have entered the different professions. By 1928, Fleming was investigating the properties of staphylococci. They did match to some degree several Waggener lines. He was cremated and his ashes were interred in St Paul's Cathedral one week later. He gained an M.B. Descendants of Robert Alexander Fleming b.1785 NC d. 1867 GA married 1stly Mary (Polly) Watson 2ndly Ascenith Bennett Cochran Bowles . 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Have you taken a DNA test? [1] His parents are known to have married before 1413 but likely earlier. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. Death. He lost himself in his work, spending most of his time behind closed doors in the lab. The protest was entered at the Cross of Linlithgow, his regional centre, but the Sheriff of Linlithgow refused to receive it. He was the father of Hugh Fleming, (b.1773) who married Mary Craig. For the most part they have been agriculturists. 4: He won the 1945 Nobel prize for Medicine and Physiology for his discovery of penicillin. (Read Alexander Flemings 1929 Britannica essay on antiseptics.). To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Please reset your password. (son of James Fleming & Isabella Forbes) was born August 11, 1904 in Rough Rigg, Scotland, and died November 20, 1995 in Athabasca, . But it was his discovery of penicillin in 1928, which started the antibiotic revolution, that sealed his lasting reputation. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. Alexander Fleming: Biography and Contributions - science - 2022 Back In The Day: Alexander Fleming, the farmer's son whose discovery 3776 4766 pixels JPG . GA, Husband @P1@. Samuel Fleming, Coldwater, Michigan, Republic Job Printing Establishment, 1868, pg. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. In 1999, Time Magazine named Fleming one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century for his discovery of penicillin, and stated: It was a discovery that would change the course of history. http://www.thepeerage.com/p68499.htm#i684982, Alexander Fleming, 5th of Moness b. a 1630, d. b Mar 1671. The interior has 5 credit card slots and 5 pockets. 30 Jan 1785. Sir Alexander Fleming was born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield Farm, near Darvel in Ayrshire, Scotland, the third of the four children of Hugh Fleming (18161888), from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (18481928). He later established that the mold prevented bacterial growth because it produced an antibiotic, penicillin. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Child of Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness and Egidia Blair Robert Fleming, 4th of Moness d. a 14 May 1666 Children of Alexander Fleming, 3rd of Moness and Elizabeth Mercer Husband @P1@. In a subsequent radio broadcast, Churchill referred to the new drug as "This admirable M&B." Years later, in 1946, he succeeded Wright as principal of the department, which was renamed the Wright-Fleming Institute. [4], He was created a Peer of Parliament as Lord Fleming shortly after this, but the exact date is not known. Last Edited= 9 Sep 2016 . Trust Archivist and Curator at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London. Early GA land tax records, Robert Alexander Fleming. A chance event in a London laboratory in 1928 changed the course of medicine. Governor of Scotland, and niece of King Robert III. Fleming decided to investigate further, because he thought that he had found an enzyme more potent than lysozyme. There was an error deleting this problem. Whether they crossed the English Channel from the country of Wigton or Argylshire, we have not been able to determine. John Fleming (abt.1776-abt.1840) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Alexander Fleming - Biography - IMDb For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Login to find your connection. Fleming married twice. Alexander Fleming's First Wife. Try again later. Duncan Robertson, 5th of Faskally was the son of Alexander Robertson, 3rd of Faskally and Egedia Oliphant. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Well, now, I have some recollection of that name in Ireland, but I can't exactly place it right.' In fact, it was not an enzyme but an antibioticone of the first to be discovered. They came to the United States in 1821. Unfortunately Hunter makes no mention of the daughter's marriages and it is not possible to determine whether there were two or three daughters. Ian Fleming 1908-1964 Author of the James Bond novels and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Search above to list available cemeteries. There was a 41/43 match to a Waggener man and a 39/43 match to a Waggoner man tested as well. In 1484, he had a safe-conduct to come into England with twenty persons in his retinue, 2 November. ISOCRATES OF ATHENS | Jon D. Mikalson Try again. Africa (64) 1781-1814 British 64 Gun 3rd Rate Ship of the Line . Though Florey, his coworker Ernst Chain, and Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize, their relationship was clouded by the issue of who should gain the most credit for penicillin. After the war Fleming actively searched for anti-bacterial agents, having witnessed the deaths of many soldiers from septicemia resulting from infected wounds. Alexander Fleming was born in rural Lochfield, in East Ayrshire, Scotland, on August 6, 1881. A Study of History: Who, What, Where, and When? Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. Dr Robert Fleming Son Sir Alexander Editorial Stock Photo - Stock Image He married, firstly, Janet Douglas, third daughter of James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas. In Memory of JANE FLEMING, who departed this life June 16th, 1803, in the 94th year of her age. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. Enter a grandparent's name. To use this feature, use a newer browser. He was saved by the new sulphonamide drug, Sulphapyridine, known at the time under the research code M&B 693, discovered and produced by May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex a subsidiary of the French group Rhne-Poulenc. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Alexander Fleming | Biography, Education, Discovery, Nobel Prize He shared it with Howard W. Florey and Ernst B. When she passed away after 34 years of marriage, Fleming had a very difficult time. 1924). Birthdate: 1924. He at first called the substance mould juice and then penicillin, after the mold that produced it. Robert's portrait is used courtesy of Duckie, Find A Grave ID 47221306. Robert Alexander Fleming (1777-1857) - Find a Grave Memorial